BARBARROJA SWORD

The sword of Barbarroja battled by all the Germanic Roman empire. 

Emperor of the Sacred Germanic Roman Empire (1152-1190), king of Italy (1155-1190) and with the name of Federico III, Duke of Suabia (1147-1152, 1167-1168).

It was born in Waiblingen, son of Federico II of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Suabia and nephew of emperor Conrado III. He inherited of his father the Duke title, and after the death of his uncle, in 1152, Federico Barbarroja was named king of Germania and chosen emperor of the Sacred Germanic Roman Empire. 

Photo of Barbarroja

Its main desire was to recover the glory and the prestige of the Roman Empire. In 1154 it marched to Italy, where lombardo in the city of Pavía received the crown of the kingdom. The following year emperor of the Sacred Empire by Pope Adriano IV was crowned. 

It was able to pacify Germany and to both limit the power of the feudales gentlemen during first years of its reign thanks to the aid of its famous sword, but late well-known with the name of sword of Barbarroja. For it, it fixed the center of its policy and ambitions on the Italian Peninsula. 

In 1154 Rome attacked, in first of a series of six expeditions against Italian ground. The rebellion finalized when Adriano IV sent I interdictate against Rome, being put under its inhabitants and expelling to Arnaldo de Brescia, that will be executed by Federico Barbarroja and his sword.

Sword that I use Barbarroja in its battles.

Of return to Germany, pacificó the territory naming to Enrique Leon Duke of Baviera and allowing Enrique Jasomirgott to change its title of Marquess of Austria by the one of Duke. 

The advice of Reinaldo Dassel, chancellor of the Empire, made believe to the emperor who the Pope considered vasallo of the Church, being based on an existing painting in Letrán in which the coronation of Lotario under the inscription imagined "El emperor is done vasallo of the Papa". The painting then was destroyed and enemistad with the Pope began to appear again. 

A deficient translation of the letter in charge of Reinaldo Dassel made understand the emperor who the Pope continued it considering his vasallo. Immediately the hostilities untied and began to publish themselves written against Adriano IV, postulating Federico I who the Papado had to be subordinated to the Empire. 

Done sculpture to Barbarroja.

Arranged Adriano IV to excomulgar to Federico I, its death in 1519 finally prevented him to make it.

In the heat of confrontation with Santa Sede, defended in the Diet of Roncaglia (1158) the idea of a political authority hard carried out by the emperor of the Sacred Empire, exerted of absolute and universal way, and with the capacity to defend and to take part in the subjects of the Church. 

The pretension to limit the power of the Papado exclusively the spiritual sphere faced also the Pope Alexander to him III (1159-1181), successor of Adriano IV, that supported in 1167 the creation of Liga Lombarda, which caused the expulsion of the imperial troops of Italian territory. Federico I recognized like Pope Calixto III (1168-1178). 

In 1174 it resumed by fifth time its attempts of expansion but it was defeated in Legnano (1176) and was forced to accept treaties of Venice (1177) and Constanza (1183), by which it recognized Alexander III like Pope, resigned to its pretensions of dominion on the Pontifical States, recognized the temporary power of the Pontiff and granted autonomy to the cities under its jurisdiction. In return, the excomunión pain rose to him. 

However, its hegemony on extensive territories in the north of Italy followed unquestionable, having annexed Burgundy by means of marriage in the 1156 and tie to the Empire region of Sicily thanks to the wedding (1186) of its son Enrique with Constanza, daughter of the king of that one territory. Federico Barbarroja died drowned in 1190 when trying cross a river Saleph, during Third Crossed undertaken against Saladino.

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